The concept of “politics” is one of the oldest. In modern languages and cultures the term “politics” came as a borrowing from the ancient Greek (politika). It is based on ancient Greek concepts related to the state, power relations, the science of governing people and society: “polis” (city-state), “politikos” (statesman), “politeia” (constitution).
Politics traditionally means state and public affairs, the sphere of activity associated with power relations between people, social groups, peoples, nations, states. It includes the functioning of political institutions and organizations, political norms and traditions, power and managerial and organizational activities of people, their socio-political interests and needs, political ideas and views.
Politics is inseparable from the mental states and properties of a person, which are modified in the process of interaction with power. It is formed and implemented in a particular institutional, socio-cultural and civilizational environment, and is influenced by a variety of factors. Whether a person likes it or not, he cannot be outside” the sphere of a certain type of political system. In this sense, the world of politics is inescapable.
Politics is a diverse world of relations, activities, behavior, orientation and communication links between classes and social groups about power and governance of society; the main factors in politics are, first of all, large social groups (classes, nations, peoples, civilizations), political organizations, institutions, movements and leaders that express their interests.
Society consists of a peculiar complex of interrelated, but also largely independent spheres: economic and economic, social, political and spiritual. Each of them has its own boundaries, its own specifics:
- the production sphere provides the material infrastructure;
- The social sphere encompasses a set of communities and stable relations between them, conditioned by a number of socio-cultural, civilizational and formational factors;
- The spiritual sphere includes the production of ideas, knowledge, artistic values, etc;
- The political sphere of society is a totality of phenomena of various kinds directly related to power, such as political institutions, organizations, relations, norms, ideas, programs, interests, etc. It is designed to provide the infrastructure of state and political organization and the interests of the entire community.
The political sphere of society differs from other spheres in that it, in a certain sense, plays a supreme role in relation to them. This position of the political sphere is conditioned by obligatory implementation of laws, decisions, decrees, instructions, adopted within its framework by all other social spheres.